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Märkisches Museum
The Märkisches Museum (Marcher Museum; originally Märkisches Provinzial-Museum, i.e. Museum of the Province of the March (Brandenburg )) is a museum in Mitte, Berlin. Founded in 1874 as the museum of the city of Berlin and its political region, the March of Brandenburg, it occupies a building on the northern edge of Köllnischer Park, facing the Spree, which was designed by Ludwig Hoffmann and completed in 1908. It is now the main facility of the ''Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin, Landesmuseum für Kultur und Geschichte Berlins'', the City of Berlin museum foundation, which also operates four other sites.
==Background==
In the second half of the 19th century, Berlin grew very rapidly. The foundation stone of a new, much larger town hall, the Rotes Rathaus, was laid in 1861. The changes provoked interest amongst the bourgeoisie in the city's past and in preserving what had not already been lost. The ''Verein für die Geschichte Berlins'' (Association for the history of Berlin) was founded. It included early photographers such as Friedrich Albert Schwartz〔''Das Landesarchiv Berlin und seine Bestände'' volume 4 ''Übersicht der Nachlässe (Tektonik-Gruppe E) und Sammlungen (Tektonik-Gruppe F)'', Schriftenreihe des Landesarchivs Berlin, 3rd ed. rev. Heike Schroll and Regina Rousavy, Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2006, ISBN 9783830511458, (p. 199 ) 〕 who began to document the changes to the city, assembling one of the first systematic photographic portraits of a city and its architecture. Beginning in the 1860s, they urged the foundation of a regional history museum. Ernst Friedel, a judge and antiquarian who had personally collected prehistoric and historic objects and paintings from Brandenburg for this purpose, persuaded the ''Magistrat'', the executive council of Berlin, to form a new department of "Collections" and Friedel was appointed to head it together with the existing library and archive. On 9 October 1874 with the city's official acceptance of his plan, the ''Märkisches Provinzialmuseum'' (Provincial museum of the March) was founded.〔Gustav Albrecht, "Ernst Friedel, 1837 – 1907: Ein Gedenkblatt zum 70. Geburtstage", ''Festschrift zur Feier des siebzigsten Geburtstages ihres Ersten Vorsitzenden, des Geheimen Regierungsrates und Stadtrates Ernst Friedel'', ''Archiv der Brandenburgia, Gesellschaft für Heimatkunde der Provinz Brandenburg'' 12 (1907) , pp. 1–64, (pp. 30 ), (31 ) 〕〔Michael S. Cullen, ("Das Gedächtnishaus der Urenkel" ), in: ''Der Tagesspiegel'', 14 October 1998 〕 This was the first museum in Berlin to be completely independent of the Prussian crown.〔Kurt Winkler, "'Alt-Berlin' im Märkischen Museum. Musealisierung als Strategie der Modernisierung", in: Roland Berbig et al. (eds.), ''Berlins 19. Jahrhundert: Ein Metropolen-Kompendium'', Berlin: Akademie, 2011, ISBN 978-3-05005083-6, pp. 491–506, (p. 496 ) 〕 It had a budget of only 2,000 Goldmarks a year for purchases, and was therefore dependent from the start on donations from foundations and individuals.〔Kai Michel, "'Und nun kommen Sie auch gleich noch mit 'ner Urne. Oder ist es bloss 'ne Terrine?' Das Märkische Provinzial-Museum in Berlin (1874–1908)", in ''Mäzenatisches Handeln: Studien zur Kultur des Bürgersinns in der Gesellschaft: Festschrift für Günter Braun zum 70. Geburtstag'', ed. Thomas W. Gaehtgens and Martin Schieder, Bürgerlichkeit, Wertewandel, Mäzenatentum 1, Berlin: Fannei & Walz, 1998, pp. 60–81, (p. 79 ) 〕 The Emperor later contributed a small fund for the purchase of photographs of the city.
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